Amplifier Product Specs
For more details on specific units or assistance in finding the right product, please contact us.
Export Policy
Some units may not be available for export to all countries. Instruments, Inc. is responsible for obtaining an export license for each sale. Please contact the factory concerning your needs.
*Specifications are subject to change without notice.
S11
*Additional information below table
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S11 Series Switching Amplifiers
These amplifiers were originally developed for large systems.
Reliability
The reliability of the OUT-11 has been outstanding. Actual experience has proved greater than a 290,000 hour MTBF per Output PWB.
A pair of boards forms a full bridge. Fast rectifiers and drivers are used for maximum efficiency. Full modulation control is allowed. The transistors are fully protected against load faults, excessive switching frequency, cooling failure, and start-up or power-down transients.
These amplifiers are complete, having a suitable power supply, input preamp and an output filter/transformer system.
Amplifier
Models smaller than the S11-8 are rack mounting. Therefore, the size and weight is for the amplifier only. The models S11-8 and larger are delivered in a structure (rack). Therefore, their size and weight is the total and includes the rack. Multiple cabinets may be designed into a system.
Interface
The Interface function is accomplished with an analog pre-amp, analog output voltage and current monitors, and digital fault detection and fault location information. If needed, a summing transformer may be included for unusual load matching and/or high voltage output.
Power Supply
In our switching amplifiers, reactive currents are returned to the power supply. Thus, when driving a load with a power factor of 0, either capacitive or inductive, the power drawn from the primary AC source is only 15% of the output VA. Any real power delivered to the load increases the primary AC power. With a resistive load, at full power, the overall efficiency is about 75%.
The power supply may be regulated or unregulated. When a regulated supply is used, the DC voltage will be at the rated voltage for the output PWBs, resulting in the maximum output VA possible. Our regulated supplies have a power factor of 70%.
Our unregulated supplies have the advantage of lower conducted harmonic currents and a power factor of 94-98% at full load. The disadvantage of an unregulated supply is that the maximum rated voltage for the output PWBs is established at high line and no load. At low line and full load, the DC voltage is less. Therefore, the available output VA of the amplifier is less.
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The output transformers in models S11-2 through S11-24 are usually mounted from the front. These transformers may be designed for operation down to 50 Hz, However, this reduces the high frequency performance and increases the weight slightly. In addition, models smaller than the S11-32 may be designed as specials to pass through a submarine hatch. The larger models have rear mounted transformers which operate down to 300 Hz.
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Model S11-36D is a multi-channel amplifier having 18 separate inputs with 18 separate outputs of 2,200 VA each. The output voltage and current from each channel is monitored during the output burst. Values are stored internally in the PM/FL computer and accessible via a front panel switch and displayed on front panel meters. The last known values are displayed until the next burst.
S16
*Additional information below table
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S16 Series Switching Amplifiers
**May not be available to all countries.These amplifiers are intended for large systems. They are based on a half bridge, FET switcher PWB. The OUT-16 has more heatsink and more FET's than the OUT-11 and is rated at higher voltage. The OUT-16 circuitry and relative parts stress is virtually the same as the OUT-11. Due to the lower parts count, reduced wiring, and higher power density, the S16 amplifiers are more compact and less expensive per watt than an equivalent S11. Nearly 3 megawatts worth of OUT-16 PWBs have been delivered.
A pair of boards forms a full bridge. Fast rectifiers and drivers are used for maximum efficiency. Full modulation control is allowed. The transistors are fully protected against load faults, excessive switching frequency, cooling failure, and start-up or power-down transients.
The various models of amplifiers are designated S16-xxm where xx is the number of output boards and m is an optional modifier for special applications. These amplifiers are complete, having a suitable power supply, input preamp and an output filter/transformer system.
Amplifier
The OUT-16 may be configured to be either air cooled or conductive cooled. We have delivered 60 S16-20 amplifiers as air cooled units and several S16-16B amplifiers as water cooled, sealed units for open deck operation.
Interface
The Interface function is accomplished with an analog Pre-Amp, analog output voltage and current monitors, and digital Fault Detection and Fault Location information. If needed, a summing transformer is included for unusual load matching and/or high voltage output.
Power Supply
In our switching amplifiers, reactive currents are returned to the power supply. Thus, when driving a load with a power factor of 0, either capacitive or inductive, the power drawn from the primary AC source is only 15% of the output VA. Any real power delivered to the load increases the primary AC power. With a resistive load, at full power, the overall efficiency is about 75%.
The power supply may be regulated or unregulated. When a regulated supply is used, the DC voltage will be at the rated voltage for the output PWBs, resulting in the maximum output VA possible. Our regulated supplies have a power factor of 70%.
Our unregulated supplies have the advantage of lower conducted harmonic currents and a power factor of 94-98% at full load. The disadvantage of an unregulated supply is that the maximum rated voltage for the output PWBs is established at high line and no load. At low line and full load, the DC voltage is less, therefore the available output VA of the amplifier is less.
Linear
*Additional information below table
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L Series Linear Amplifiers
Each of our L series amplifiers contains regulated power supplies, a Pre-Amplifier PWB, Output PWBs, and an output transformer system. The L series Output PWB is a current source. Up to 50 PWBs may be combined and still maintain proper sharing of current. This is the configuration of an L50, our largest L series amplifier. Voltage feedback is used to create a voltage source or resistive source.
These amplifiers, together with the M series, are dual rated. That is, they are capable of both continuous as well as burst output. During continuous output into a reactive load, the heat sinks warm up. The heat sink temperature is sensed by the Pre-Amplifier and used to determine a safe current limit. This function is automatic and on-going, cycle by cycle. This enables the amplifier to safely maximize output power under all conditions.
The enhanced power output during a 1 second tone burst is obtained by a slow average current limit in the power supply. The system is well protected, and there is no combination of input signal and passive loads which will damage these amplifiers. Active loads must be less powerful than the amplifier rating.
Models L2, L6, and L10 are standard rack mount units. They require only a single phase main power source. The larger models (L20 - L50) are all powered from a three phase line. Voltage should be specified as "Line to Line".
In order to optimize the high frequency performance and to fit in a small chassis, the L2 output transformer is only large enough for full power operation down to 500 Hz. The high end is limited mostly by the slewing rate of the output transistors. This gives usable continuous rated performance up to 150 kHz (-3 dB).
The L6 has an output transformer capable of -3 dB continuous rated performance from 40 Hz to 120 kHz.
In models L20 and larger, each bank of 10 Output PWBs is wired independently to its own output transformer. This has enabled us to obtain the same superior high frequency performance from an L50 as we can achieve from an L10.
The output transformers have multiple secondary’s with taps to match various loads. The various load impedance taps may be selected by a front panel switch or controlled remotely. At least 70% of the secondary copper is used at all times.
Selectable Source Impedance
Our L series amplifiers have a switch to select the characteristic of the source impedance. As a voltage source, the output voltage tends to remain constant as the load impedance varies. As a current source, the current does the same. As a resistive source, the amplifier appears to have a resistor in series with the output of a voltage source. Full power is still available for the load. The value of this synthesized resistor is approximately the same as the matching burst-rated load impedance. The resistive source has the advantage of damping out ringing and other transients. Transducer calibration in small tanks is an ideal application of the resistive source.
Linear, Low Distortion
Our L series amplifiers are very linear, even without feedback. In the current source mode (open loop), midband distortion is typically 1.0%. Voltage feedback reduces this to less than 0.1%. The dynamic range of more than 100 dB makes them useful for a wide variety of applications.
Low Frequency Option
On Models L10-L50 the low frequency performance may be specified to -3 dB at 60 Hz, rather than the standard 150 Hz. This option requires that we build a larger output transformer system. This may extend delivery several months and it will lower the high frequency limit. This option is not available on the L2 due to size constraints. Our standard model L6 has an oversized output transformer with a -3 dB the same as the low frequency option of the larger amplifiers while extending the upper end to 120 kHz.
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This linear Class-AB amplifier is capable of delivering up to 260 VA continuous, and 650 VA for 1 second output burst repeated at a duty cycle of 10%. The low-distortion capabilities of Class-AB amplifiers yields a wide operational frequency range of roughly 400 Hz to 100 kHz in the continuous mode, and 400 Hz to 40 kHz in the higher-power pulsed mode. The construction of the chassis is intended for mounting in a standard 19” rack and occupies 3U of vertical rack space, or can be used on a bench within the laboratory.
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This linear Class-AB amplifier is capable of delivering up to 800 VA continuous, and 2,000 VA for 1 second output burst repeated at a duty cycle of 10%. The low-distortion capabilities of Class-AB amplifiers yields a wide operational frequency range of roughly 120 Hz to 70 kHz in the continuous mode, and 120 Hz to 25 kHz in the higher-power pulsed mode. The construction of the chassis is intended for mounting in a standard 19” rack and occupies 8U of vertical rack space, or can be used on a bench within the laboratory.
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This linear Class-AB amplifier capable of delivering up to 6.5 kVA continuous, and 16.5 kVA for 1 second output burst repeated at a duty cycle of 10%. The low-distortion capabilities of Class-AB amplifiers yields a wide operational frequency range of roughly 300 Hz to 60 kHz in the continuous mode, and 300 Hz to 25 kHz in the higher-power pulsed mode. The chassis is integrated into a standard 19” equipment rack, with no consolidated empty rack space left over.
M-Series
*Additional information below table
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M Series Linear Amplifiers
Our M series amplifiers are the result of a three year research and development program to create a reliable source of linear power beyond the high frequency limits of our L series amplifiers.
The M series is available only as a voltage source.
Each amplifier board is rated at 100 VA continuously or 250 VA in tone bursts up to 1 second duration and 10% duty. As with our L series, these ratings are into any power factor load. The standard models M2, M4, and M8 contain 2, 4, and 8 Output boards respectively. The M4 is actually an M8 with 4 Output PWBs removed and may be upgraded at any time.
The high frequency response with resistive or inductive loads is about 500 kHz. With slightly capacitive loads, these amplifiers work up to 1 MHz.
As with all our amplifiers, the load on these amplifiers may be shorted, opened, or reactive with any magnitude and phase angle with no damage occurring to the amplifier.
Other
*Additional information below table
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Both of these options are fully integrated amplifiers equipped with a single output board, resulting in exceptionally lightweight and portable units. These amplifiers are user-friendly and require minimal setup, making them perfect for low-power applications and off-site testing.
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The S40-24 offers 24 individual power amplifiers, resulting in a 24-channel amplifier. Each channel features separate inputs and outputs, allowing it to efficiently drive a large variety of loads simultaneously.
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These output boards operate independently and do not include any additional equipment. To function properly, they would need an external DC power supply and wiring connected to the mate connector. This setup allows for flexibility and customization based on specific requirements.